Abstract
With the increased development of 360-degree production technologies, artwork has recently been photographed without authorization. To prevent this infringement, we propose an artwork identification methodology for 360-degree images. We transform the 360-degree image into a three-dimensional sphere and wrap it with a polyhedron. On the sphere, several points are located on the polyhedron to determine the width, height, and direction of the rectilinear projection. The 360-degree image is divided and transformed into several rectilinear projected images to reduce the adverse effects from the distorted panoramic image. We also propose a method for improving the identification precision of artwork located at a highly distorted position using the difference of keypoint shapes. After applying the proposed methods, identification precision is increased by 45% for artwork that is displayed on a 79-inch monitor in a seriously distorted position with features that were generated by scale-invariant feature transformations.
Highlights
In recent years, the explosive development of 360-degree camera technology has led to rapid growth in 360-degree video, images, and multimedia viewing services, including social media and video-sharing websites such as Facebook and YouTube [1,2]
An experiment to compare the matched features of artwork was conducted with the following goals: (1) to evaluate the relation between the artwork size in the 360-degree image and the matched results; (2) to evaluate the relation between the position of the artwork in the 360-degree image and the matched results; and (3) to determine whether the proposed method improves the matched results
This paper proposes an artwork identification methodology for 360-degree images using three polyhedron-based rectilinear projections and the difference the shapes of keypoints (DSK)
Summary
The explosive development of 360-degree camera technology has led to rapid growth in 360-degree video, images, and multimedia viewing services, including social media and video-sharing websites such as Facebook and YouTube [1,2]. Many algorithms have been used to extract features and identify objects, no technology identifies artwork inside the 360-degree image. Because most locations in the equirectangular projected image are seriously distorted, the keypoints from the original artwork are either extremely difficult to match to those from the same artwork in the 360-degree image, or are matched to irrelevant objects. The rectilinear maps a of portion of ato sphere a flat image. Rectilinear projectionprojection maps a portion a sphere a flat to image. The feature feature extraction and matching procedures are performed based on the rectilinear projected images. Extraction and matching procedures are performed based on the rectilinear projected images. Identification is implemented by matching the features rectilinear projected images. Identification is implemented by matching the features extracted from extracted from theimages transformed images those in the original artwork.
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