Artritis séptica

Abstract

Septic arthritis is mainly of bacterial origin, although it can also be due to fungal or mycobacterial infections. It is caused by the direct invasion of joint and the inflammatory reaction it triggers. Unlike other bone and joint infections, there is almost no presence of biofilm, there is a high degree of synovial vascularization, and the majority of antibiotics diffuse well in the synovial fluid. Early diagnosis is fundamental for preventing rapid joint destruction and high morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it should be considered a medical emergency. Diagnosis is based on symptoms; additional tests, including joint fluid analysis; and radiological tests. Once synovial fluid and blood culture samples are extracted, antibiotic treatment must be initiated as soon as possible via intravenous route of administration, without waiting for microbiological results. Joint fluid drainage must be performed, which will be done surgically most of the time. Short- and long-term joint function prognosis depends on a timely diagnosis and treatment.