Abstract
Microcrystalline arthritis are a group of diseases caused by the deposit of crystals at joint and periarticular structures. The most prevalent are gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD).Gout is caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals, for which it is necessary to have high uric acid levels in the blood. CPPD deposition occurs mainly in fibrocartilages and hyaline cartilage. Although joint involvement can be mono-, oligo- or polyarticular at diagnosis, monoarthritis is the most common manifestation at disease presentation. Identification of crystals in synovial fluid is key for diagnosis. Initial management in all cases is to treat the acute flare, individualizing anti-inflammatory treatment according to the patient's comorbidities. With regards to patients with gout, it is essential to normalize the serum uric acid levels, to reduce the previous urate deposits. For this purpose, there are several treatments that can be used in these patients, such as allopurinol, febuxostat and the most recently developed uricosuric drug, lesinurad. For CPPD no treatment has proved to be effective in decreasing crystals deposition in tissues or preventing acute flares.
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