Artificial Urinary Sphincter Cuff Downsizing Improves Continence and Patient Satisfaction in Cases of Sub-cuff Atrophy.

Abstract

The management of artificial urinary sphincter sub-cuff atrophy remains controversial, and clinical outcomes are underreported. We intend to examine the impact of cuff downsizing in cases of isolated sub-cuff atrophy. We reviewed our prospectively collected, institutionally approved quality improvement database for this study from 2011 to 2022. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for the analysis. Sub-cuff atrophy in patients with post-prostatectomy incontinence was diagnosed with a clinical presentation of recurrent urinary leakage, serial pelvic films, cystoscopy, and patient evaluation. Outcomes were assessed with pad use, subjective measures, and American Urological Association Symptom Score scores. During the study interval, 871 encounters for artificial urinary sphincter placement were identified, 229 for revision or replacement, of which cuff downsizing for isolated cases of sub-cuff atrophy occurred in 34. Downsizing took place after a median of 6.5 years after initial artificial urinary sphincter placement. Of the patients, 97% reported subjective improvement and 93% experienced a decrease in daily incontinence pad use, with a mean±SD decrease of 2.2±1.45 pads (P < .01). American Urological Association Symptom Score bother scores decreased from pre-downsizing values by a mean±SD of 1.5±1.4 (P = .01). After a median follow-up of 1.8 years after downsizing, 24 (70.6%) of downsized cuffs remained in place, 2 (5.9%) were further downsized, 2 (5.9%) required replacement for mechanical failure, 4 (11.8%) underwent removal for erosion, and 2 (5.9%) underwent replacement for a herniated pressure regulating balloon. When diagnosed using objective criteria, cuff downsizing improves continence and patient satisfaction in cases of sub-cuff atrophy.