Abstract
Increased interest in renewable, carbon-neutral energy sources makes processing biodiesel from microalgae has become the objective for many researchers and companies. Some kind of wastewater including municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewaters have been identified as alternate growth mediums. Produced water is the largest byproduct of the oil and natural gas extraction process which constitutes of high concentration of pollutants, such as dissolved nitrogen, phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, heavy metal and monocyclic aromatic compound like BTEX. The purpose of this study is to identify Chlorella sp. potential for producing lipid in artificial produced water. Variations made in this study consist of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% volume of artificial produced water to the control Walne medium. The highest specific growth rate and biomass productivity of Chlorella sp. achieved by culture grown in 25% wastewater with a value of 0.225 day−1 and 0.175 g L−1day−1, respectively. The highest lipid yield and productivity in mixed culture of artificial produced water and Walne medium achieved by culture in 25% artificial produced water with value of 0.231 and 40.48 mg.L−1.day−1. C16 and C18 fatty acids which dominated the lipids of Chlorella sp. in all culture variations indicated that the lipid of Chlorella sp. were suitable for producing high quality biodiesel.
Highlights
Over-consumption of petroleum based-energy has led to environmental problem such as global climate change and energy crisis
Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) which is conventionally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats [2]
Based on the results of the study, microalgae Chlorella sp. was able to grow in the mixture of Walne medium and artificial produced water
Summary
Over-consumption of petroleum based-energy has led to environmental problem such as global climate change and energy crisis. There is a great demand for alternative resources of petroleum-based energy. Biofuels, produced from biomass, are promising alternatives to fossil-derived fuels due to several distinct advantages including carbon neutrality, reduced emissions of gaseous pollutants (e.g., carbon monoxide, CO2, and sulfur oxides), continuous availability of biomass feed stocks, and their safety of production by farming [1]. Biodiesel is a mixture of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) which is conventionally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats [2]. Microalgae have been recognized as promising oil feedstock for biodiesel production due to their rapid growth rate, high lipid content and their ability to grow in non-arable area without competing with food crops for land.
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