Artificial pneumothorax by the Veress cannula: efficacy and safety

Abstract

In 16 patients with pulmonary fibrosis, an artificial pneumothorax was introduced using the Veress cannula and the Saugman water manometer. Atmospheric air was introduced by fractionated insufflation to a total volume of 800 ml (median). The interpleural space was found on the first attempt, and in all cases, fractionated insufflation of atmospheric air was conducted while the intrapleural pressure was controlled with the water manometer. In one case, the procedure was stopped because of a rise in the pleural pressure after insufflation of only 50 ml air. This was undoubtedly caused by pleural adhesions not visible on chest X-ray. The main concern with air insufflation is air embolism but this was not observed clinically in any of the present cases. The patients in the present study all suffered from pulmonary fibrosis judged by clinical examination, chest X-ray and pulmonary function tests. Despite a diffusion capacity (DCO/VA) with a median value of 48% expected, the procedure was well tolerated. It has previously been shown that artificial pneumothorax preceding thoracoscopy is well tolerated due to hyperventilation, with an increase in respiratory frequency and a fall in arterial CO 2 concentration ( PaCO 2), while pH and arterial O 2 concentration ( PO 2) remain constant. This probably also explains the tolerance of the patients in this material. Insufflation of air as described here should be restricted to senior pulmonologists because it is an infrequent procedure. The present authors found the procedure to be uncomplicated and easy to perform with little discomfort to the patients.