Abstract
Mounting environmental concerns emphasize the urgent need to transition to sustainable energy production and use. Biology offers examples of the efficient conversion of chemical energy to other forms of energy. Photosynthesis is an example of solar energy conversion to chemical potential, and many conversion steps of photosynthesis are quite efficient. Taking inspiration from the efficient processes associated with photosynthesis and the subsequent conversion of chemical potential to myriad forms of biomass, artificial photosynthesis (AP) can serve to inspire the design of efficient energy-conversion systems for human use. Herein, we point out the imperative of efficient solar energy conversion and describe some of the steps in the evolution of AP strategies, from early designs of artificial reaction centers (ARCs) comprising only organic chromophores to some of the most recent examples in which chromophores are attached to semiconductor nanoparticles and undergo photoinduced electron transfer processes and proton-coupled electron transfer.
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