Artificial parasin I protein (API) supplementation improves growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichiacoli

Abstract

Diarrheas are common risks faced by piglets during the weaning period. This study investigated the alleviating effects of artificial parasin I protein (API) on growth performance and intestinal health of weaned pigs upon enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) challenge. Sixty piglets were randomly divided into five groups and fed a basal diet (CON) or basal diet supplemented with API at 0, 750, and 1500 mg/kg or antibiotics for 5 weeks. On d 15 and 25, piglets were challenged with ETEC K88 except for the CON group. Before the ETEC challenge (d 1–14), dietary API supplementation improved growth performance, and 750 mg API increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain (ADG), decreased (P < 0.05) feed to gain ratio (F/G) and diarrhea index of weaned piglets. ETEC challenge (during d 15–35) reduced growth performance and increased (P < 0.01) the F/G, diarrhea rate, and diarrhea index. This event was accompanied by the numerically increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum and ileum, the decreased (P < 0.05) zonula-occludens-1 (ZO-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the ileum, and the increased (P = 0.04) secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) protein in the ileum. Artificial parasin I protein supplementation alleviated the negative impact of ETEC. The 750 mg/kg API inclusion elevated (P < 0.05) ADG and decreased (P < 0.05) F/G. Two levels of API decreased (P < 0.01) the diarrhea rate and diarrhea index. Meanwhile, API inclusion decreased (P < 0.01) the crypt depth in the jejunum, elevated (P < 0.05) villus height in the duodenum and villus height to crypt depth ratio in the duodenum and ileum, up-regulated (P < 0.05) ZO-1 gene, and down-regulated (P < 0.05) mucin-2 gene in the jejunum, and 1500 mg/kg API decreased (P < 0.01) sIgA level and down-regulated (P < 0.05) IL-1β gene in the ileum. Furthermore, 750 mg/kg API elevated (P < 0.01) Bifidobacteria population and acetic acid concentrations in the cecal chyme. In conclusion, API supplementation alleviates the negative impact of ETEC on growth performance and intestinal health, thus can be applied as an antibiotic alternative in weaned piglets.