Abstract
Artificial micro/nanomotors (AM/Ns) can convert chemical or other forms of energy into mechanical energy at the micro/nanoscale and are capable of navigating complex environments according to a predetermined plan. This field is rapidly evolving, yielding a plethora of geometric design models and developing various motion mechanisms that can execute specialized tasks at the micro/nanoscale in fields such as biomedicine, environmental remediation and nanotechnology. This review firstly introduces the latest research progress in AM/Ns design under different driving conditions, and discusses the controlling factors of AM/Ns motion behavior. Secondly, it summarizes the research progress of AM/Ns in biomedical and environmental fields. Finally, the challenges and future development directions faced by AM/Ns are presented.
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