Abstract
Cold atomic gases are perfect laboratories for realization of quantum simulators. In order to simulate solid state systems in the presence of magnetic fields special effort has to be made because atoms are charge neutral. There are different methods for realization of artificial magnetic fields, that is the creation of specific conditions so that the motion of neutral particles mimics the dynamics of charged particles in an effective magnetic field. Here, we consider adiabatic motion of atoms in the presence of an evanescent wave. Theoretical description of the adiabatic motion involves artificial vector and scalar potentials related to the Berry phases. Due to the large gradient of the evanescent field amplitude, the potentials can be strong enough to induce measurable effects in cold atomic gases. We show that the resulting artificial magnetic field is able to induce vortices in a Bose-Einstein condensate trapped close to a surface of a prism where the evanescent wave is created. We also analyze motion of an atomic cloud released from a magneto-optical trap that falls down on the surface of the prism. The artificial magnetic field is able to reflect falling atoms that can be observed experimentally.
Highlights
Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego and Mark Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, ulica prof
There are different methods for realization of artificial magnetic fields, that is the creation of specific conditions so that the motion of neutral particles mimics the dynamics of charged particles in an effective magnetic field
There are methods that allow for a generation of artificial gauge fields, i.e. the creation of specific conditions such that the motion of neutral particles mimics the dynamics of charged particles in an effective magnetic field, see refs 3–5 and references therein
Summary
Instytut Fizyki imienia Mariana Smoluchowskiego and Mark Kac Complex Systems Research Center, Uniwersytet Jagiellonski, ulica prof. There are methods that allow for a generation of artificial gauge fields, i.e. the creation of specific conditions such that the motion of neutral particles mimics the dynamics of charged particles in an effective magnetic field, see refs 3–5 and references therein. Large gradient of the generalized Rabi frequency is responsible for the presence of geometrical vector and scalar potentials that are related to the Berry phases[17] These potentials generate an artificial magnetic field for the charge neutral particles which is able to induce vortices in an atomic cloud cooled down to the quantum degeneracy. In the present publication we investigate under what conditions the artificial magnetic fields created by evanescent waves can be responsible for reflection of atoms falling down on a surface of a prism at temperatures higher than the critical value for the quantum degeneracy
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