Artificial light at night causes community instability of bacterial community in urban soils

Abstract

Urban soils host diverse bacteria crucial for ecosystem functions and urban health. As urbanization rises, artificial light at night (ALAN) imposes disturbances on soil ecosystems, yet how ALAN affects the structure and stability of soil bacterial community remains unclear. Here we coupled a short-term incubation experiment, community profiling, network analysis, and in situ field survey to assess the ecological impacts of ALAN. We showed that ALAN influenced bacterial compositions and shifted the bacterial network to a less stable phase, altering denitrification potential. Such transition in community stability probably resulted from an ALAN-induced decrease in competition and/or an increase in facilitation, in line with the Stress Gradient Hypothesis. Similar destabilizing effects were also detected in bacterial networks in multiple urban soils subjected to different levels of ALAN stress, supporting the action of ALAN on naturally-occurring soil bacterial communities. Overall, our findings highlight ALAN as a new form of anthropogenic stress that jeopardizes the stability of soil bacterial community, which would facilitate ecological projection of expanding ALAN exposure.