Abstract
Cholesterol oxidase (COD) is a bi-functional FAD-containing oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of cholesterol into 4-cholesten-3-one. The wider biological functions and clinical applications of COD have urged the screening, isolation and characterization of newer microbes from diverse habitats as a source of COD and optimization and over-production of COD for various uses. The practicability of statistical/ artificial intelligence techniques, such as response surface methodology (RSM), artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic algorithm (GA) have been tested to optimize the medium composition for the production of COD from novel strain Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5500. All experiments were performed according to the five factor central composite design (CCD) and the generated data was analysed using RSM and ANN. GA was employed to optimize the models generated by RSM and ANN. Based upon the predicted COD concentration, the model developed with ANN was found to be superior to the model developed with RSM. The RSM-GA approach predicted maximum of 6.283 U/mL COD production, whereas the ANN-GA approach predicted a maximum of 9.93 U/mL COD concentration. The optimum concentrations of the medium variables predicted through ANN-GA approach were: 1.431 g/50 mL soybean, 1.389 g/50 mL maltose, 0.029 g/50 mL MgSO4, 0.45 g/50 mL NaCl and 2.235 ml/50 mL glycerol. The experimental COD concentration was concurrent with the GA predicted yield and led to 9.75 U/mL COD production, which was nearly two times higher than the yield (4.2 U/mL) obtained with the un-optimized medium. This is the very first time we are reporting the statistical versus artificial intelligence based modeling and optimization of COD production by Streptomyces sp. NCIM 5500.
Highlights
The production of metabolites produce through microbial strains is mostly affected by the process parameters and medium components
Soybean meal based X-medium was selected for the production and optimization studies of Cholesterol oxidase (COD) [22]
COD concentration obtained with un-optimized medium and nearly 60% higher than the yield predicted by Response surface methodology (RSM) generated model
Summary
The production of metabolites produce through microbial strains is mostly affected by the process parameters and medium components. Statistical or mathematical designs are used to reduce the number of experiments and to increase the precision of the results. Response surface methodology (RSM) is a combination of mathematical and statistical techniques and generally used for modeling and analysis of problems associated with multivariable systems. It is based on design of experiments (DOE) for the development of models, estimation of the model coefficients and prediction of the response for optimum conditions [2, 3]. RSM estimates the relationship between the responses (i.e., product yield) and the experimental parameters (i.e., concentration of the medium components). The RSM fails to precisely describe an object function [9]
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