Artificial intelligence in the field of work: problems and prospects of legal regulation

Abstract

The article examines the impact of digital transformation on the development of legal regulation of labor relations. The author analyzes current novelties of legal regulation of labor relations through the prism of the development of digital technologies. The opinions of leading scientists in the field of labor and other fields of law are given regarding the impact of digitalization on the development of labor relations, and law enforcement practice is analyzed. The potential areas of application of artificial intelligence are considered, as well as the possibilities of automating many production processes with the help of artificial intelligence, which is expected to lead to an increase in product quality and production speed. These issues become especially relevant in the period of growing needs of the state's import substitution policy. The article analyzes the experience of the use of artificial intelligence by European countries, therefore a comparative analysis of the current legislation on the use of artificial intelligence in Ukraine and foreign countries is carried out. Several possible levels of involvement of AI in the field of work are distinguished: work facilitation; labor automation; employee empowerment; full replacement of the employee. At the same time, recruiters note the effectiveness of individual use of ChatGPT in their work, in particular: creation of attractive job descriptions; market research: competitors, salaries, demand, etc.; preparation of interview questions; communication with candidates: correspondence, working with objections, sensitive feedback; search for candidates: advice on resources, creation of Boolean queries (search for web pages using special operators), selection of keywords; resume analysis: keyword recognition to assess the candidate's skills; presentation of the candidate to the hiring manager. The reasons for the «fear of acceptance» of artificial intelligence by modern society are highlighted. The importance of further theoretical studies of this issue, which will contribute to the effective protection and protection of the rights and freedoms of citizens, is emphasized. It was concluded that before the widespread introduction of artificial intelligence, it is worth conducting a study at the state level on unemployment and the socio-economic consequences of the use of artificial intelligence in the field of work, thereby reducing millions of jobs across the country. Will the implementation of AI cost a stable social situation in the country? Labor relations are not only inextricably linked with the individual, but also with the employee's ability to provide for his family members. In the case of replacing workers with robots controlled by artificial intelligence, unemployment can reach huge proportions, due to which crime in the country will inevitably increase, as a person will be in the stage of finding satisfaction of his natural needs for food and shelter. Therefore, it is important that the state has a clear position on the formation of legal, economic and social strategies to solve problems related to «technological unemployment». So now it is necessary to create a list of professions and positions that cannot be replaced by artificial intelligence, to define clear rules (order) of interaction between robots and people, in particular in the case of freelance situations, and in some enterprises, it is possible to set quotas for places occupied by people.