Abstract
Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the major causes of death worldwide. These diseases could be quickly detected by changes in the sound created by the action of the heart. This dynamic auscultations need extensive professional knowledge and emphasis on listening skills. There is also an unmet requirement for a compact cardiac condition early warning device. In this paper, we propose a prototype of a digital stethoscopic system for the diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities in real time using machine learning methods. This system consists of three subsystems that interact with each other (1) a portable digital subsystem of an electronic stethoscope, (2) a decision-making subsystem, and (3) a subsystem for displaying and visualizing the results in an understandable form. The electronic stethoscope captures the patient’s phonocardiographic sounds, filters and digitizes them, and then sends the resulting phonocardiographic sounds to the decision-making system. The decision-making system classifies sounds into normal and abnormal using machine learning techniques, and as a result identifies abnormal heart sounds. The display and visualization subsystem demonstrates the results obtained in an understandable way not only for medical staff, but also for patients and recommends further actions to patients. As a result of the study, we obtained an electronic stethoscope that can diagnose cardiac abnormalities with an accuracy of more than 90%. More accurately, the proposed stethoscope can identify normal heart sounds with 93.5% accuracy, abnormal heart sounds with 93.25% accuracy. Moreover, speed is the key benefit of the proposed stethoscope as 15 s is adequate for examination.
Highlights
As is known, the most dangerous and common diseases are currently cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]
Normal: healthy heart sounds; Murmur: extra noises that arise while there is a vibration in the blood supply that creates extra vibrations that can be heard; Extrahls: supplementary sound; Artifacts: there is a broad variety of various sounds
It should be noted that, a digital phonocardiogram alone cannot provide all the information necessary, for example, to make a decision about the feasibility of heart surgery, it can significantly reduce the unnecessary use of echocardiography, which is a more expensive and time-consuming method
Summary
The most dangerous and common diseases are currently cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1]. Cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of death worldwide [2]. This determines the relevance of scientific and practical justification and development of effective methods of treatment, rehabilitation and prevention, and, above all, ensuring reliable early diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases in the presence of minimal symptoms (complaints or feelings of the patient) [3]. The ECG characterizes the state of the heart directly at the time of registration. In some cases, the ECG does not reflect all the existing disorders (for example, the presence of heart murmurs), and requires special conditions for registration [6]
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