Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging

Abstract

Medical imaging plays an essential role in healthcare for timely diagnosis of diseases, disease staging, selection of appropriate treatment, planning, delivery, risk prediction, etc. It has been developed enormously due to the technological revolution globally. It starts from 2D technologies like Radiography, Mammography, etc., moves into 3D technologies like Computerized Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Medical Ultrasound, etc., and 4D technologies as well. They have been introduced to improve the accuracy of medical imaging, consistency in interpretation of images, image evaluation, etc. Even though these techniques bring a lot of benefits and potentials, they have their drawbacks that would be reduced with the effective usage of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and radiomics. Based on these, this chapter (i) discusses the state-of-art of AI, ML and radiomics in medical imaging, (ii) explores the potentials of AI in various imaging modalities, such as CT, Mammography, MRI, Medical Ultrasound, and PET, (iii) indicates the applications, and challenges in AI towards precision medicine, and (iv) creates awareness about the present status, and future perspectives of AI in medical imaging in order to develop new algorithms that can be suitable for routine clinical practice.