Artificial intelligence in health professions education

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely used in medicine. AI may provide low-cost solutions to health problems and is especially important for developing countries. Health-care professionals will play an important role in providing data for educating AI systems and validating these through clinical trials. AI may necessitate changes in the different roles of a physician and possibly other professionals. Intelligent tutoring systems can support student learning by providing individualized feedback and creating personalized learning pathways. Role-plays with an intelligent active agent can enhance students' interaction with computers and activate their sense of responsibility. AI can support personalized learning by intelligent agents, autonomous scoring, and chatbots. AI has an important role to play in supporting simulations, serious games, and the gamification of learning. Learning analytics and educational data mining are two other important applications. Personalized prediction is also an important benefit. AI will supplement the work of educators and can reduce curricular overload by migrating some knowledge to AI algorithms. Routine tasks and responses to routine queries of learners can be provided by AI. AI can support continuing professional education by incorporating longitudinal and innovative formative assessment methods that can help identify knowledge and skill gaps and support learning. The use of AI in curriculum review and assessment has been limited. Data integrity and privacy are important issues to consider. Unconscious bias in the data used to educate AI systems is also possible. Most of the literature is from developed countries and among medical students and residents.