Artificial Intelligence in Crime Counteraction, Prediction, Prevention and Evolution

Abstract

Crime prediction, prevention and counteraction with the use of modern technologies should, according to the authors, become a priority task for the state, along with the development of economy, education, medicine and the enhancement of defense capacity. The article describes the concepts of «artificial intelligence», «machine learning», «big data», «deep learning», «neural networks» from the standpoint of how they are used both by criminals and by law enforcement bodies and courts. The authors examine the application of technologies which use artificial intelligence, hi tech crime (fishing, drones, fake information, bots, and so on). They outline modern software solutions based on artificial intelligence and aimed at counteracting crime: software that analyzes big volumes of data, processing of stream videos, facial recognition, contextual searching platforms, etc. The authors also describe the existing resources for predictive analytics (in particular, inter-agency experimental software «Artificial Intelligence in Police Work and Investigation of Criminal Offences»; software for recognizing people based on fragments of their tattoos; facial recognition of people after plastic surgeries in pictures and stream videos, with the generation of variants of their original appearance; platform of contextual intelligence Nigel; system Mayhem and others) and how they can be used to predict both crimes in general and individual criminal behavior. The authors also outline ethical dilemmas connected with legal decisions made by artificial intelligence regarding specific people. They present examples of using artificial intelligence for crime prevention (software COMPAS, criminal community’s psychometric prediction system, Harm Assessment Risk Tool, analytical software complex CEG, crime prediction system PredPol, ePOOLICE system, Palantir software, Russian system «Artificial intelligence»). They also outline the indicators of the early crime prevention system: indicators of matching, lagging, cyclical and counter-cyclical indicators. The authors state that Russia is lagging behind other countries in its use of artificial intelligence in law enforcement and suggest adopting the Modern Strategy of Crime Counteraction, Prediction and Prevention. Possible directions of this strategy are described.