ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-BASED PREDICTION MODELS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

Abstract

A literature survey was conducted to appraise the recent applications of artiflcal intelligence (AI)-based modeling studies in the environmental engineer- ing fleld. A number of studies on artiflcial neural networks (ANN), fuzzy logic and adaptive neuro-fuzzy systems (ANFIS) were reviewed and important aspects of these models were highlighted. The results of the extensive literature survey showed that most AI-based prediction models were implemented for the solution of water/wastewater (55.7%) and air pollution (30.8%) related environmental prob- lems compared to solid waste (13.5%) management studies. The present literature review indicated that among the many types of ANNs, the three-layer feed-forward and back-propagation (FFBP) networks were considered as one of the simplest and the most widely used network type. In general, the Levenberg-Marquardt algo- rithm (LMA) was found as the best-suited training algorithm for several complex and nonlinear real-life problems of environmental engineering. The literature sur- vey showed that for water and wastewater treatment processes, most of AI-based prediction models were introduced to estimate the performance of various biolog- ical and chemical treatment processes, and to control e†uent pollutant loads and ∞owrates from a speciflc system. In air polution related environmental problems, forecasting of ozone (O3) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels, daily and/or hourly particulate matter (PM2:5 and PM10) emissions, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) and car- bon monoxide (CO) concentrations were found to be widely modeled. For solid waste management applications, reseachers conducted studies to model weight of waste generation, solid waste composition, and total rate of waste generation.