Abstract
When erosion occurs, sand beaches cannot maintain sufficient sand width, foreshore slopes become steeper due to frequent erosion effects, and beaches are trapped in a vicious cycle of vulnerability due to incident waves. Accordingly, beach nourishment can be used as a countermeasure to simultaneously minimize environmental impacts. However, beach nourishment is not a permanent solution and requires periodic renourishment after several years. To address this problem, minimizing the period of renourishment is an economical alternative. In the present study, using the Tuvaluan coast with its cross-sectional gravel nourishment site, four different test cases were selected for the hydraulic model experiment aimed at discovering an effective nourishment strategy to determine effective alternative methods. Numerical simulations were performed to reproduce gravel nourishment; however, none of these models simultaneously simulated the sediment transport of gravel and sand. Thus, an artificial neural network, a deep learning model, was developed using hydraulic model experiments as training datasets to analyze the possibility of simultaneously accomplishing the sediment transport of sand and gravel and supplement the shortcomings of the numerical models.
Highlights
Coastal erosion has natural causes, such as sea-level rise and wave energy increase.it can be accelerated by changes in the natural environment due to various artificial structures installed on the coast
Most natural sandy beaches cannot prevent extreme waves and storm surges from causing beach erosion
Aimwas of the was to examine how gravel nourishment would react to large of the experiment to experiment examine how gravel nourishment would react to large external aim of the experiment was to examine how gravel nourishment would react to large e ternal forces, such as
Summary
Coastal erosion has natural causes, such as sea-level rise and wave energy increase. It can be accelerated by changes in the natural environment due to various artificial structures installed on the coast. Coastal zones are significant for society’s development, but they are vulnerable to the impacts of nature and humans and are physically very unstable. Negative shoreline trends cause secondary effects on society, threats to human settlements. Most natural sandy beaches cannot prevent extreme waves and storm surges from causing beach erosion. This erosion happens due to steep aggressive storm waves and accretion that build ups on the beach with less steep, non-aggressive waves.
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