Abstract
Artificial Intelligence and Statistics: Just the Old Wine in New Wineskins?
Highlights
We are witnessing a tremendous increase in scientific studies in the medical literature using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its branch Machine Learning (ML) methods in particular
The general readership of medical journals, including clinicians, researchers, statisticians, and methodologists have experienced confusion with some of the terms they encounter in papers on AI
Reporting two by two tables of results for clinically relevant thresholds would achieve a higher comparability of studies by simple means. Another conflict relates to the connection between AI and statistics
Summary
We are witnessing a tremendous increase in scientific studies in the medical literature using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and its branch Machine Learning (ML) methods in particular. A recent systematic review comparing the classification performance of healthcare professionals vs AI retrieved over 20,000 records of study reports published since January 2012. In 2020 alone, over 7,000 new records were found in medical electronic databases [1]. By searching the Medline database using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) “Artificial Intelligence,” which was introduced in 1986, we find a continued increase of records over the last two decades (Figure 1). The total number of records currently indexed with the term adds up to 120,000 in Medline alone. Several issues beside the sheer number become apparent when reading through those papers
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