Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the accuracy of low-dosage computed tomography (CT) images based on the expectation maximization algorithm denoising algorithm (EM algorithm) in the detection and diagnosis of renal dysplasia, so as to provide reasonable research basis for accuracy improvement of clinical diagnosis of renal dysplasia. 120 patients with renal dysplasia in hospital were randomly selected as the research objects, and they were divided into two groups by random number method, with 60 patients in each group. The low-dosage CT images of patients in the control group were not processed (nonalgorithm group), and the low-dosage CT images of patients in the observation group were denoised using the EM algorithm (algorithm group). In addition, it was compared with the results of the comprehensive diagnosis (gold standard) to analyze the accuracy of the diagnosis of the two groups of patients and the consistency with the results of the pathological diagnosis. The results were compared with those of the comprehensive diagnosis (gold standard) to analyze the accuracy of the diagnosis of the two groups of patients. The results showed that the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) (15.9 dB) of the EM algorithm was higher than the regularized adaptive matching pursuit (RAMP) algorithm (1.69 dB) and the mean filter (4.3 dB) (P < 0.05). The time consumption of EM algorithm (21 s) was shorter than that of PWLS algorithm (34 s) and MS-PWLS algorithm (39 s) (P < 0.05). The diagnosis accuracy of dysplasia of single kidney, absence of single kidney, horseshoe kidney, and duplex kidney was obviously higher in the algorithm group than the control group (P < 0.05), which were 66.67% vs. 90%, 60% vs. 88.89%, 71.42% vs. 100%, and 60% vs. 88.89%, respectively. The incidence of hypertension in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) (56.77%) was much higher than that of the other diseases (P < 0.05). After denoising by the EM algorithm, low-dosage CT image could improve the diagnostic accuracy of several types of renal dysplasia except ADPKD, showing certain clinical application value. In addition, ADPKD was easy to cause hypertension.
Highlights
Studies have found that the incidence of neonatal congenital renal dysplasia is about 0.2%, while adult renal dysplasia is mostly related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease [2, 3]
It was found that the time consumption of EM algorithm was shorter than that of penalized weighted least squares (PWLS) algorithm and multiscale PWLS (MS-PWLS) algorithm (P < 0:05)
The results showed that the diagnostic accuracy of algorithm group was better than that of nonalgorithm group (P < 0:05), indicating that dysplasia of single kidney, absence of single kidney, horseshoe kidney, and duplex kidney can be properly diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) examination
Summary
The kidney is the main excretion filter organ of the human body. The body’s metabolism will be disturbed [1]. Renal dysplasia refers to a defect in the kidney during embryonic development, and the structure of the kidney appears abnormal or deformed after birth. Studies have found that the incidence of neonatal congenital renal dysplasia is about 0.2%, while adult renal dysplasia is mostly related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease [2, 3]. The clinically common renal dysplasia diseases mainly include autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) [4], dysplasia/absence of single kidney [5, 6], horseshoe kidney [7], and duplex kidney [8]. Renal dysplasia will gradually aggravate and transform into chronic kidney disease, and renal failure and uremia may even occur in severe cases [9, 10]
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