Abstract
Commercial artificial insemination with boar semen still prefers the usage of refrigerated semen up to 5 days over frozen-thawed, to date. This is because of the uneconomical properties of frozen-thawed boar semen, such as low motility, viability, fertility rates and the need for higher semen doses, because of the decreased quality after cryopreservation. Since boar semen is highly susceptive to cold shock damage, the invention of a successful cryopreservation method would be greatly beneficial for the swine industry. This review briefly focuses on the many factors that influence the quality of frozen-thawed boar semen, including the different compositions of extenders, comparison of commercial extenders, freezing and thawing methods (temperature and duration). It could be concluded from the present review that optimum freezing/thawing protocol for swine is not standardized, so far being the current status still considered poor-to-fair.
Highlights
Artificial insemination is being used worldwide by swine producers and has a pivotal role on the improvement of global swine production
Boar semen differs in several aspects from the semen of other domestic animals: the semen is produced in a large volume, it is highly sensitive to cold shock, the viability of the sperm cells is dramatically reduced when exposed to temperatures below 15°C
Cryopreservation, because of the very low temperatures, induces sublethal damage to the spermatozoa, which may result in loss of motility, viability, fertilizing capacity, deterioration of acrosomal and plasma membrane integrity, and damage of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) [2,3]
Summary
Artificial insemination is being used worldwide by swine producers and has a pivotal role on the improvement of global swine production. It has become highly competitive, since the producers are forced to incorporate breeding methods of higher efficiency and profitability, so that productivity increases alongside with cost-reduction [1].Many factors that should be taken into consideration when thinking about the cryopreservation of boar semen includes composition of
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