Artificial Extracellular Matrices Containing Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles Promote Osteogenic Differentiation in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

Lysann M Kroschwald,Kai Zheng,Christiane Heinemann,Stefan Rammelt,Vera Hintze,Sandra Rother,Felix Allerdt,Norbert Halfter,Iram Maqsood,Stephanie Möller,Aldo R Boccaccini,Matthias Schnabelrauch,Anne Bernhardt,Michael C Hacker

doi:10.3390/ijms222312819

Abstract

The present study analyzes the capacity of collagen (coll)/sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG)-based surface coatings containing bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) in promoting the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stroma cells (hMSC). Physicochemical characteristics of these coatings and their effects on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of hMSC were investigated. BGN were stably incorporated into the artificial extracellular matrices (aECM). Oscillatory rheology showed predominantly elastic, gel-like properties of the coatings. The complex viscosity increased depending on the GAG component and was further elevated by adding BGN. BGN-containing aECM showed a release of silicon ions as well as an uptake of calcium ions. hMSC were able to proliferate on coll and coll/sGAG coatings, while cellular growth was delayed on aECM containing BGN. However, a stimulating effect of BGN on ALP activity and calcium deposition was shown. Furthermore, a synergistic effect of sGAG and BGN was found for some donors. Our findings demonstrated the promising potential of aECM and BGN combinations in promoting bone regeneration. Still, future work is required to further optimize the BGN/aECM combination for increasing its combined osteogenic effect.

Highlights

There is a high need for bone replacement materials and effective options to promote the bone healing response due to an aging population with an increasing number of multimorbid patients as well as high incidences of delayed or failed integration of bone substitute materials [1]
The collagen fibrils appeared to accumulate in certain areas, while others remained sparsely coated
In to matrices collagen as the only organic the collagen fibrils appeared to with collagen fibrils shielding them from each other due to electrostatic repulsion be less homogeneously distributed. This can be attributed to the association of sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) withas alreadyfibrils suggested for the accretion of GAG-bound monomers during in vitro collagen shielding them from each other due to collagen electrostatic repulsion as already fibrillogenesis of collagen in the presence of sGAG

Summary

Introduction

There is a high need for bone replacement materials and effective options to promote the bone healing response due to an aging population with an increasing number of multimorbid patients as well as high incidences of delayed or failed integration of bone substitute materials [1]. One promising route in the development of novel functional biomaterials is to utilize components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), known to promote the osteogenic response, and thereby mimicking the osteogenic niche. In this context, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) and bioactive glass nanoparticles (BGN) are both well recognized for their osteogenic properties [3,4,5,6]. By enhancing multiple functions of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and premature osteoblasts [11,12,13,14,15] This includes cell–matrix interactions, cell-signaling, endocytosis, and osteogenic differentiation

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