Abstract

Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is the most common type of artificial circulatory support. The evolution of cardiac surgery is inextricably linked with the success of cardiopulmonary bypass. It facilitates surgery both on the surface and within the chambers of the heart providing the function of the heart and lungs, giving the blood momentum, and performing gas exchange, respectively. This allows the heart and lungs to be isolated from the patient’s systemic circulation. CPB was first used by John Gibbon on the May 6, 1953, to close an atrial septal defect in 18-year-old Cecilia Bavolek. Since then improvements in technology, management and understanding of CPB have significantly contributed to a reduction in patient morbidity and mortality. It has also enabled a shift toward an older more complicated patient population.

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