Abstract
Different kinds of artifacts can occur during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans due to hardware or software related problems, human physiologic phenomenon or physical restrictions. Some of them can seriously affecting diagnostic image quality, while others may simulate or be confused with different pathology. On another word artifact as an artificial feature appearing in an image that is not present in the original investigative object. It is important to recognize these artifacts according to a basic understanding of their origin, especially those mimicking pathology, as they can lead to incorrect diagnosis and cause serious after-effects on patient’s health and outcomes. We presented an overview of the most common MRI artifacts and methods to fix or rectify them. We also provide the original artifacts images and statistics from the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinical Hospital, Dept of Radiology, mainly obtained from image databases and some images from data base of other Lithuanian hospitals.
Highlights
Since 1973, when Paul Lauterbur extracted the first Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), this technology has greatly advanced
MRI signal is generated by a strong magnetic field which is committed by superconducting coil, one or more radiofrequency fields and several weaker magnetic fields generated by the three gradient coils combinations [2]
Phase contrast methods is another example: additional signal phase terms generated by blood stream may produce imaging artifacts, but it gives a possibility for measurements of phase susceptible velocity, important for assessment of organs blood flow in MRI images [4]
Summary
Since 1973, when Paul Lauterbur extracted the first Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI), this technology has greatly advanced. Since MRI is sensitive to the chemical surroundings of the atomic nuclei within the body, the images have excellent contrast between different soft-tissues [1]. The examination has a huge possibility in choosing the imaging settings: tissue contrast, image resolution and anatomical coverage may be optimized for a specific use. Both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images can be formed without image orientation restrictions. Like any other type of diagnostic imaging, MRI is susceptible to artifacts. Parameters and pulse sequences and image processing after the scanning procedures. Identification of artifact type and etiology is important in developing reliable scanning protocols, pulse sequences and data processing algorithms [2]
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