Abstract
To improve the skill of speaking a second language (L2), one good way may be to be aware of the underlying tongue position for a language. We focused on such underlying position differences between English and French, particularly when pausing for a short time between speaking; something called inter-speech posture (ISP). In past research, Wilson and Gick investigated ISP between English and French spoken by bilinguals. In that research, bilinguals had distinct articulatory settings for each language, mostly in the lips. However, their tongue data was for only 4 points of articulatory settings: distance from the ultrasound probe to tongue root, tongue dorsum, tongue body, and tongue tip, but not overall shape. Furthermore, to measure tongue tip position, past research relied on the alveolar ridge, which is unclear to see: possibly making the results inaccurate for tongue tip. In this study, we analyzed the whole shape of the tongue and made models of them using SS-ANOVA in R so that we could compare the difference from past research using a different measurement method. Our results showed that bilinguals who are perceived as native in both languages have a different ISP in the posterior half of the tongue.
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