Articulating the form, function, and meaning of drug using in the Philippines from the lens of morality and work ethics

Abstract

ABSTRACT The Philippine War on Drugs policies of “neutralization” of drug-related activity has resulted in the deaths of over 9,000 people suspected of drug-related crime. These measures are claimed to be necessary for the sake of productivity, peace, and order. Drawing on concepts of occupational justice, this paper examines distinct historical, social, and cultural values underlying notions of productivity and work ethic, and the influence of these values on the Philippine War on Drugs political rhetoric. Looking at drug use as a non-sanctioned occupation, according to occupation-related concepts of form, function, and meaning, it becomes apparent that drug use may, in some ways, conform to Filipino social norms, values, and moral standards, such as to enhance productivity and economic participation. We contend that, contrary to government claims, the War on Drugs has contributed to occupational injustices, particularly occupational apartheid and occupational marginalization. We propose that country- and culture-specific scholarship about drug use that encompasses considerations of spiritual health, occupational justice, and occupational rights can enrich humane policies and practices. Re-examination of drug use policies and practices in drug rehabilitation through an occupational lens may contribute to occupationally just possibilities for Filipino citizens.