Articular involvement in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A review of literature.

Abstract

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP), the most typical kind of pediatric vasculitis, can also affect adults. Over the last 10 years, research has been increasing on improvements in HSP diagnosis, physiopathology, symptoms, and therapy. Joint involvement is highly frequent in this condition; however, it typically undergoes spontaneous resolution and does not lead to long-term complications. To provide a deeper understanding of the constituting pathogenic mechanisms and clinical presentation of articular involvement, focusing on the effect of neutrophil activation on systemic small vessels. This literature review utilized a systematic search of academic databases, employing specific keywords to select recent peer-reviewed articles and scholarly sources on the topic. The manifestations of joint involvement in HSP can vary in severity and frequency. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications or acetaminophen are considered the first-line treatment for joint pain; however, corticosteroids may help achieve quick remission. In cases where standard treatment fails or manifestations persist, immunosuppressive drugs like rituximab, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, or azathioprine have been used. While it tends to resolve without lasting joint damage, accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to ensure optimal patient outcomes.