Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide pervades many bacterial environments. It diffuses into cells and oxidizes the pool of loose iron, generating hydroxyl radicals that can damage DNA. It also directly attacks and disables the iron cofactors of enzymes. Bacteria respond by inducing a miniferritin that sequesters iron and thereby protects their DNA. But this action threatens to block the reactivation of iron-dependent enzymes. Sen et al. (e00235-20) report that the ClpSA and ClpX chaperones stabilize a basal loose-iron pool, thus enabling enzyme repair. They propose that the Clp proteins do so by limiting the amount of iron stored in the miniferritin.
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