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Abstract
Influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds receptors and is triggered by acidic pH to cause membrane fusion in endosomes. Avian influenza viruses have unstable HA proteins activated at a pH range of 5.6 to 6.2, enabling entry in early endosomes. Human-adapted influenza viruses prefer a stabilized HA activated at pH 5.0 to 5.5. Russier et al. (e01423-19) found that a mutant H1N1 virus (activation pH, 6.0) enhances early replication in mice compared to the wild type (pH 5.5). However, earlier entry and growth via a destabilized HA resulted in enhanced type I interferon responses in dendritic cells. This work connects protein structural changes to the host’s control of infection.
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