Abstract
Osteoarthritis, a prevalent and debilitating joint disorder, gradually erodes cartilage—the protective cushion between bones—leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced joint mobility, primarily in weight-bearing joints. While age, genetics, and joint injuries are key contributors, the symptoms, starting with minor discomfort, escalate to pronounced pain and limited movement. Timely diagnosis, involving patient history, exams, and imaging, is vital. Treatment entails pain management, physical therapy, lifestyle adjustments, and, in extreme cases, joint replacement surgery. Ongoing research offers hope for improved therapies, emphasizing early intervention and holistic approaches for enhanced joint health. This article delves into the depths of osteoarthritis, unraveling its underlying mechanisms i.e. pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies including latest advancement
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