Abstract
This chapter concentrates on Vatican II’s groundbreaking document Nostra Aetate that provided the impetus for a substantial renovation of the perceptions Christians have toward other religions. The fourth article forged a new vision for the church’s relationship with the Jewish people. The chapter explores the significance of this, especially its impact on Christian theology vis-à-vis Second Temple Judaism. It begins by reviewing classical Christian thought which emphasized the displacement of the “old” Israel by Christianity (the “new” Israel). It then discusses the premises undergirding Nostra Aetate 4 and concludes by examining the developments in Christian theology and biblical studies in light of the new Christian-Jewish relationship.
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