Arthroscopic centralization reduces extrusion of the medial meniscus with posterior root defect in the ACL reconstructed knee.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of arthroscopic meniscal centralization reinforcement for a medial meniscus (MM) posterior root defect on knee kinematics and meniscal extrusion in the anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACLR) knee. The hypothesis was that the medial meniscus centralization would reduce extrusion and anterior laxity in ACLR knee with a medical meniscal defect. Fourteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric knees were tested using a six-degrees-of-freedom robotic system under the following loading conditions: (a) an 89.0N anterior tibial load, (b) 5.0 Nm internal and external rotational torques, (c) a 10.0Nm valgus and varus loadings, and (d) a combined 7.0Nm valgus moment and then a 5.0Nm internal rotation torque as a static simulated pivot shift. The tested knee states included: (1) anatomic single-bundle cruciate ligament reconstruction with intact medial meniscus (MM Intact), (2) anatomic single-bundle cruciate ligament reconstruction with medial meniscus posterior root defect (MM Defect), (3) Anatomic single-bundle cruciate ligament reconstruction with medial meniscus arthroscopic centralization (MM Centralization). Medial meniscus arthroscopic centralization was performed using 1.4mm anchors with #2 suture. The MM extrusion (MME) was measured using ultrasound under unloaded and varus loading conditions at 0° and 30° of flexion. Anterior tibial translation (ATT) increased significantly with MM posterior root defect compared to MM intact at all flexion angles. With MM centralization, ATT was not significantly different from the intact meniscus at 15° and 30° of flexion. Meniscus extrusion increased significantly with the root defect compared to intact meniscus and decreased significantly with meniscal centralization compared to the root defect at both flexion angles. In ACL reconstruction, cases involving irreparable medial meniscal posterior root tears, applying arthroscopic centralization for avoiding the meniscal extrusion should be considered. Clinically, in ACL reconstruction cases with irreparable medial meniscal posterior root tears, applying arthroscopic meniscal centralization for avoiding the meniscal extrusion should be considered. Meniscal centralization decreases the extrusion of the MM and offers improvements in knee laxity.