Abstract
Guardia Valle, L. & Santamaria, S. 2009. Arthropod gut symbionts from the Balearic Islands: Majorca and Cabrera. Diversity and biogeography. Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 66S1: 109-120. This study includes a catalogue with all the current data concerning the presence of trichomycetes (sensu lato) in Majorca and Cabrera, as well as information on the biology, ecology and biogeographic implications of the insularity for each taxon of these arthropod-gut symbionts. Of the 13 species here reported, 10 are new for the Balearic Islands, including 4 Mesomycetozoan, of which 3 Eccrinales (Astreptonema gammari, Eccrinidus flexilis, Parataeniella dilatata), 1 Amoebidiales (Paramoebidium curvum) and 6 kixckellomycotina Harpellales (Genistellospora homothallica, Harpella melusinae, Smittium culisetae, S. simulii, Stachylina grandispora and St. nana); the additional 3 were previously reported elsewhere: Asellaria ligiae (Aslleariales), Legeriomyces rarus and Stipella vigilans (Harpellales), but are here included as indissoluble part of the present Balearic catalogue. All taxa are commented, illustrated and their biogeographic implications are discussed.
Highlights
The trichomycetes are eukariotic, filamentous arthropod-related obligate gut symbionts
Santamaria (Benny & O’Donnell, 2000; Ustinova & al., 2000; Lutzoni & al., 2004; Tanabe & al., 2004; Adl & al., 2005; Cafaro, 2005; White & al., 2006a), with two orders, the Eccrinales and Amoebidiales currently placed within the Protozoan Mesomycetozoa (Benny & O’Donnell, 2000; Cafaro, 2005), plus Harpellales and Asellariales, placed within the zygomicotan Kickxellomycotina (Hibbett & al., 2007)
Probably all belonging to the species Paramoebidium curvum
Summary
The trichomycetes are eukariotic, filamentous arthropod-related obligate gut symbionts This grouping comprises organisms that have parallelly evolved establishing their ecological niche in the arthropod gut where they nourish with the rejected food particles that pass through the intestine to be expulsed through the anus (Lichtwardt & al., 2001; Misra, 2001). The strict limitations of the gut atmosphere have shaped a convergent morphology, where the options are restricted by the space, the molting cycle of the host and the physical-chemical conditions of the environment. This morphologic convergence has been responsible for the traditional conception of the Class counting four Orders. Historical and practical motivations promote their maintenance within trichomycetes (with “t” to designate this polyphyletic condition or “sensu lato” treatment)
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