Abstract
We present a method to make phantoms of coronary arteries for intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT). The phantoms provide a calibrated OCT response similar to the layered structure of arteries. The optical properties of each layer are achieved with specific concentrations of alumina and carbon black in a silicone matrix. This composition insures high durability and also approximates the elastic properties of arteries. The phantoms are fabricated in a tubular shape by the successive deposition and curing of liquid silicone mixtures on a lathe setup.
Highlights
That intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) is accepted for clinical use in the United States, Europe and Japan, it is quickly evolving toward widespread utilization and commercialization
The OCT measurements are performed with a custom-built time domain OCT (TD-OCT) system built around an optical delay line based on rotating rhombic prisms [14] commercialized by Novacam Technologies (Pointe-Claire, Canada)
∝ log[ A] − μtot z − z0 n where SOCT is the averaged OCT profile, A is the backscattered amplitude of signal, μtot is the total attenuation coefficient of the sample, z is the optical depth in the image, z0 is the position of the surface or the beginning of a layer in the sample, and n is the refractive index of the phantom or artery
Summary
That intravascular optical coherence tomography (IV-OCT) is accepted for clinical use in the United States, Europe and Japan, it is quickly evolving toward widespread utilization and commercialization. In addition to standardization and validation, durable phantoms that closely mimic tissues can find uses as targets for training new users, for demonstrations, and for the development of new hardware or new applications. For OCT, phantoms have been developed to perform image analysis [4], to test magnetomotive [5] and elastographic [6] contrasts, to characterize the resolution of systems [7,8], and to mimic tissue optical properties with biological contrast agents [9]. We describe and demonstrate how we determine the phantom composition to mimic the optical properties of coronary arteries. We illustrate the use of our fabrication technique by presenting an OCT image of a phantom mimicking the OCT response of a specific artery. Elements of discussion are presented throughout the paper, as the results highlight the advantages and the limitations of our method
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