Arteriosclerosis Assessment Based on Single-Point Fingertip Pulse Monitoring Using a Wearable Iontronic Sensor.

Abstract

Arteriosclerosis, which appears as a hardened and narrowed artery with plaque buildup, is the primary cause of various cardiovascular diseases such as stroke. Arteriosclerosis is often evaluated by clinically measuring the pulse wave velocity (PWV) using a two-point approach that requires bulky medical equipment and a skilled operator. Although wearable photoplethysmographic sensors for PWV monitoring are developed in recent years, likewise, this technique is often based on two-point measurement, and the signal can easily be interfered with by natural light. Herein, a single-point strategy is reported based on stable fingertip pulse monitoring using a flexible iontronic pressure sensor for heart-fingertip PWV (hfPWV) measurement. The iontronic sensor exhibits a high pressure-resolution on the order of 0.1Pa over a wide linearity range, allowing the capture of characteristic peaks of fingertip pulse waves. The forward and reflected waves of the pulse are extracted and the time difference between the two waves is computed for hfPWV measurement using Hiroshi's method. Furthermore, a hfPWV-based model is established for arteriosclerosis evaluation with an accuracy comparable to that of existing clinical criteria, and the validity of the model is verified clinically. The work provides a reliable technique that can be used in wearable arteriosclerosis assessment systems.