Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome - Clinical presentation, surgical management, and outcome: An institutional experience of 10-year period

Abstract

Objective: The main objective of this study was to review the clinical presentations, surgical management, and outcome of surgical procedures for arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Methodology: This is a retrospective analysis of arterial TOS patients admitted in our department (Institute of Vascular Surgery, Madras Medical College, Chennai) from August 2012 to July 2022. Results: This study enrolled 81 patients, with mean age of 41.13 (12-65 years) and 50.61% male (41) and 49.39% female (40), associated with distal arterial lesions - 63 (77.77%), among which 50.61% - occlusion in the brachial artery (33), 24.69% in forearm arteries (15), and 24.69% in the axillary artery (15). About 95.06% of patients had cervical rib (77), 2.46% - first rib abnormality (2), 2.46% - soft-tissue compression (2), 59.25% was SCHER Stage III (48), 33.33% SCHER stage I (27), and 7.40% SCHER stage II (6). All patients had undergone a supraclavicular approach. The most common arterial lesions were subclavian artery (SCA) thrombus in 53.08% (43), occlusion in 17.28% (14), and dilatation in 29.62% (24) cases. The cervical rib excision with anterior scalenectomy in 95.06% (77), and 1st rib excision with anterior scalenectomy 2.46% (2) and soft tissue resection with anterior scalenectomy 2.46% (2) of patients. SCA intervention/reconstruction was done in 88.88% (72) of cases. Two patients had underwent above elbow amputation (2.46%) and no mortality and SCA patency was 100%. Conclusion: Cervical rib excision with anterior scalenectomy with or without thrombectomy is an effective procedure for arterial TOS cases.