Arterial stiffness and pressure wave reflection in the development of isolated diastolic hypertension.

Abstract

This prospective study was conducted to clarify the significance of augmented pressure wave reflection without accompanying increased arterial stiffness in the development of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDHT). A total of 3022 Japanese men without hypertension at the start of this study were included in the analyses. The blood pressure, brachial--ankle pulse wave velocity (brachial-ankle PWV), and radial augmentation index (rAI) were measured annually from year 2007 through year 2015. At the end of the study period, 129 participants were diagnosed as having systolic/diastolic hypertension (SDHT), 112 as having isolated systolic hypertension (ISHT), and 74 as having IDHT. Both the brachial--ankle PWV and rAI showed significant individual odds ratios for new onset of SDHT and new onset of ISHT. However, only rAI, but not the brachial--ankle PWV, showed a significant odds ratio (1.44, P < 0.01) for new onset of IDHT. This association was significant in participants without elevated brachial--ankle PWV values at the start of the study, but not in those with elevated brachial--ankle PWV at the start of the study. Generalized estimating equation analyses demonstrated a significant longitudinal association of the rAI, but not brachial--ankle PWV, with the development of IDHT. Although increased arterial stiffness and augmented pressure wave reflection present concomitantly may be associated with the development of SDHT and ISHT, augmented pressure wave reflection alone, which may be related to isolated peripheral vascular damage, in the absence of accompanying increase of the arterial stiffness, may be a significant factor in the development of IDHT.