Arterial hypotension: epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, and diagnosis

Abstract

Arterial hypotension is a systemic hemodynamic disorder that is defined as a decrease in blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg, caused by changes in cardiac output or systemic vascular resistance or both of these values, and that can lead to organ and tissue hypoperfusion. The review considers the epidemiology, etiology, and pathogenesis of this condition. Particular attention is paid to the classification of hypotension based on various biometric parameters, by the rate of occurrence and time of exposure, taking into account the impact on organ perfusion. The symptomatology and diagnosis of hypotension are analyzed; its complications are described.