ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION PROFILE IN PATIENTS WITH KIDNEY DISEASES

Abstract

Objective: Arterial hypertension is a global public health worldwide. It is a risk factor for cardiovascular events which represent major cause of morbidity and mortality as it contributes to the development and progression of kidney diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of arterial hypertension in patients with kidney diseases. Design and method: It is a prospective study that entails young hypertensive patients aged between 18 and 65 years old in the course of six months from 1st January 2022 to June 30th 2022 within the nephrology department in which we assessed an array of parameters. Results: Hypertension prevalence represented 75% (81 patients) among 107 hospitalized patients with a male predominance of 59%, a sex ratio of 1.45 and was widespread among patients aged from 55-65 years old. The mean age of our patients was 48.98±14.066 years. History of hypertension was observed in 85,2% followed by diabetes in 40,7%. 14,8% among hypertensives were newly detected. The main cardiovascular risk factors were diabetes (65%), obesity (15%) and sedentary lifestyle (11%). Systolo-diastolic hypertension was present in 57% whereas grade 2 hypertension affected 30% of patients aged from 18 to 34 years old. Our patients presented left ventricular hypertrophy in 19,61% of the cases while 80% manifested renal failure which was chronic in 50% of the patients. 58% of the patients were on monotherapy, followed by dual (35%) and triple therapy (7%). The most prescribed treatment was either calcium channel blockers in monotherapy or combined with angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors inhibitor in dual therapy or with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors + diuretic/beta-blocker in triple therapy. Control rate was 54.3%, majorly, observed among women and patients who belong to the 55- 65 years old age category. Conclusions: In order to reduce the hypertension prevalence and prevent the occurrence of its renal complications. The application of an intensive management of hypertension as well as the cardiovascular risk factors should be integrated into primary care systems. Beside treatment, lifestyle modifications should be implemented in the first line as they exert blood pressure lowering effects additionally to therapeutic treatment.