Arterial Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus in Adult Surgical Patients: Prevalence and Perioperative Impact

Abstract

Background: Arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus are prevalent co-morbidities in surgical patients, and they might have an impact on perioperative care. Many times, the healthcare team will conduct a preoperative test for diabetes that has gone unnoticed. However, it is rarely assessed how much these disorders affect perioperative anaesthetic care. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of new, managed, and uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and their perioperative sequelae in adult surgical patients. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Total 186 adults of both sexes, planned for elective non-cardiac surgery were included. Arterial hypertension (AHTN) and Diabetes Mellitus (DM) was defined as per JNC-7 and ADA definition. The prevalence of new, controlled, uncontrolled AHTN and DM and their perioperative anaesthetic were assessed. Results: Total 186 patients’ 98 (53% )cases posted were evaluated were with hypertension, 67(36%) cases with diabetes mellitus followed by 21 (11%) cases with both HTN and DM. The prevalence of these co morbidities was found to be highest in 6th decade. The prevalence of DM was also higher in male than female , but the differences were statistically insignificant for AHTN, DM and for both . The prevalence of renal failure and coronary artery diseases, mean age in the patients with both the comorbidity were higher than either of hypertensive and diabetic group and both the differences were statistically significant.12 (12.2% ) hypertensive and 2 (3%) diabetic and patients were in the range of postponement of elective surgery. Conclusion: Adults have a high prevalence of AHTN and DM, which increases dramatically with age. Both men and women are affected in the same way. The prevalence of uncontrolled AHTN and DM is concerning, demanding immediate action to treat these serious noncommunicable diseases.