Arterial baroreflex inhibition by gastric distension in rats: mediation by splanchnic afferents

Abstract

Arterial baroreflexes are known to be reset during activation of defense area and somatosensory receptors-afferents. Here we report that viscerosensory activation also inhibits the baroreflexes. In chloralose-urethan-anesthetized, succinylcholine-immobilized, and artificially ventilated rats, the aortic depressor nerve was electrically stimulated while propranolol was continuously infused to elicit baroreflex hypotension (BH) and baroreflex vagal bradycardia (BVB). Hydraulic distension of the stomach with warm 0.9% NaCl solution was found to suppress BVB and BH, with a threshold intraluminal pressure at times less than 5mmHg. The gastric distension also suppressed BH in atropinized rats, suggesting that inhibition involved not only cardiac but also vascular components of baroreflexes. Bilateral splanchnectomy largely attenuated the inhibition, whereas bilateral subdiaphragmatic vagotomy had little effect. Low- as well as high-frequency stimulation of the splanchnic nerve strongly suppressed both BVB and BH, whereas only low-frequency stimulation of the subdiaphragmatic vagus inhibited baroreflexes to a slight degree. In conclusion, gastric distension suppresses BVB and BH, and this inhibition is largely mediated by afferent fibers in the splanchnic nerve. Such baroreflex inhibition may be a general consequence of mechanoreceptor activation of any visceral hollow organs because the jejunum, esophagus, and urinary bladder were all found to suppress arterial baroreflexes when distended.