Arterial and Venous Reconstruction for Free Tissue Transfer in Diabetic Ischemic Foot Ulcers

Abstract

Objective. To review our experience with temporary arteriovenous (AV) fistula followed by free tissue transfer in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers associated with peripheral arterial occlusion.Patients and method. From July 1997 to July 2002, 15 lower extremities were operated in 14 patients. An AV loop with its apex below the medial malleolus was created between popliteal artery and saphenous system. Three weeks later, the loop was divided to provide an artery and a vein end. Foot defect was covered with latissimus dorsi muscle flap followed by split thickness skin grafting.Results. Fistulas were patent in 12 extremities. Free tissue transfer was performed in 13 extremities. Two free flaps failed. After patent temporary arteriovenous fistula, free tissue transfer was successful in 11 of 12 extremities. One patient was amputated below knee due to ongoing infection despite successful free tissue transfer. Early mortality rate was 7%. Limb salvage was achieved in 11 of 13 extremities that staged operation was performed. Overall extremity loss was four of 15 lower extremities in 14 patients. Overall mortality was 21% for mean 20 follow-up period.Conclusion. Temporary AV fistula and free flap may provide stable wound coverage and high rate of limb salvage in treatment of diabetic foot ulcers with large tissue loss.