Abstract
Pulse wave velocity is a commonly used parameter for evaluating arterial stiffness and the overall condition of the cardiovascular system. The main goal of this study was to establish a methodology to test and validate multichannel bioimpedance as a suitable method for whole-body evaluations of pulse waves. We set the proximal location over the left carotid artery and eight distal locations on both the upper and lower limbs. In this way, it was possible to simultaneously evaluate pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the upper and lower limbs and in the limbs via four extra PWV measurements. Data were acquired from a statistical group of 220 healthy subjects who were divided into three age groups. The data were then analysed. We found a significant dependency of aortic PWV on age in those values measured using the left carotid as the proximal. PWV values in the upper and lower limbs were found to have no significant dependency on age. In addition, the PWV in the left femoral artery shows comparable values to published already carotid-femoral values. Those findings prove the reliability of whole-body multichannel bioimpedance for pulse wave velocity evaluation and provide reference values for whole-body PWV measurement.
Highlights
We focused on whole-body pulse wave velocity based on bioimpedance
The bioimpedance method appears to be suitable for evaluating pulse wave velocity [4,23,25–27]
One proximal and one distal location are used in the case of commonly employed methods and bioimpedance
Summary
The arterial system’s main function is to satisfy the needs of tissues and absorb pulsation blood flow from the left ventricle and convert it into a continuous flow. This enables continuous tissue oxygenation and lower heart strain. It gives rise to increased heart strain and lower tissue supply during diastole [1–3]. Because this is a physiological process, PWV should show an upward trend with aging [2–4]. It refers to the velocity that the pulse wave reaches between proximal and distal locations and reflects to what extent the blood is decelerated by arterial compliance: the conversion of kinetic energy to potential energy. The PWV is defined as the ratio between the travelled distance (Lp-d ) and time delay (∆t) that the pulse wave needs to move from the proximal to the distal site: Lp-d
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