Abstract
Two new sesquiterpenoids, artemlavanins A (1) and B (3), together with fifteen known compounds (2 and 4−17) were isolated from the EtOH extract of Artemisia lavandulaefolia. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses (HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR) and ECD calculations. Compound 1 was a sesquiterpenoid lactone possessing a rearranged eudesmane skeleton; compounds 2–5, 6–8, 9 and 10–12 belonged to the eudesmane, guaiane, oppositane and farnesane sesquiterpenoids, respectively; compounds 13–17 were the phenyl derivatives with a 4-hydroxyacetophenone moiety. Twelve compounds (1–3, 5–7, 10–12, 14, 15 and 17) displayed cytotoxicity against hepatic stellate cell line LX2 (HSC-LX2) with IC50 values ranging from 35.1 to 370.3 μM. Compounds 2, 7, 10–12 and 17 exhibited the stronger cytotoxicity than silybin (IC50, 169.6 μM) with IC50 values of 82.1, 35.1, 95.0, 83.8, 81.6 and 90.1 μM. Compound 7 as the most active one showed significant inhibition on the deposition of human collagen type I (Col I), human hyaluronic acid (HA) and human laminin (HL) with IC50 values of 10.7, 24.5 and 13.3 μM.Graphic
Highlights
Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which results from the liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Over 20 candidate molecules for hepatic fibrosis involving the inhibition of inflammatory response, ECM production and HSCs activation have achieved positive progress in recent years, most of which are being assessed in clinical trials and none of them have been commercialized as antifibrotic drugs [2,3,4,5]
The chemical constituents isolated from A. lavandulaefolia were composed of eudesmane (2, 4 and 5), guaiane (6–8), oppositane (9) and farnesane (10–12)
Summary
Hepatic fibrosis is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), which results from the liver diseases such as viral hepatitis and alcoholic or nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Over 20 candidate molecules for hepatic fibrosis involving the inhibition of inflammatory response, ECM production and HSCs activation have achieved positive progress in recent years, most of which are being assessed in clinical trials and none of them have been commercialized as antifibrotic drugs [2,3,4,5]. The present investigation on the EtOH extract of A. lavandulaefolia resulted artemlavanins A (1) and B (3) together with fifteen known compounds (2 and 4–17), which were evaluated on the hepatic stellate cell line LX2 (HSC-LX2). The isolation, structural elucidation and cytotoxicity of these compounds were reported (Fig. 1)
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