Abstract
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is characterized by memory loss and cognitive disorders. The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease is not known at present but toxicity of amyloid-beta is one of the central hypotheses. Amyloid-beta can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial, cause inflammatory reactions and activate apoptosis related factors which lead to the neuronal death. In this study, we found that artemisinin, a first line antimalarial drug used in clinic for decades, improved the cognitive functions in Alzheimer’s disease animal model 3xTg mice. Further study showed that artemisinin reduced the deposition of amyloid-beta and tau protein, reduced the release of inflammation factors and apoptosis factors, and thereby reduced the neuronal cell death. Western blot assay showed that artemisinin stimulated the activation of ERK/CREB signaling pathway. Consistent with these results, artemisinin concentration-dependently promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cell against toxicity of amyloid-beta protein 1-42 induced ROS accumulation, caspase activation and apoptosis. Artemisinin also stimulated the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and CREB in SH-SY5Y cells in time and concentration-dependent manner. Inhibition of ERK/CREB pathway attenuated the protective effect of artemisinin. These data put together suggested that artemisinin has the potential to protect neuronal cells in vitro as well as in vivo animal model 3xTg mice via, at least in part, the activation of the ERK/CREB pathway. Our findings also strongly support the potential of artemisinin as a new multi-target drug that can be used for preventing and treating the Alzheimer’s disease.
Highlights
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is characterized by memory loss and cognitive disorders
Among them deposition of β-amyloid is believed to be the principal component of senile plaques which are responsible for neuronal death and symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). βamyloid is produced by hydrolysis of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by β-secretase and γ-secretase
In order to study the effect of artemisinin on cognitive functions of 3xTg AD mice, we performed Morris water maze (MWM) assay
Summary
The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is characterized by memory loss and cognitive disorders. Amyloid-beta can stimulate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial, cause inflammatory reactions and activate apoptosis related factors which lead to the neuronal death. Western blot assay showed that artemisinin stimulated the activation of ERK/CREB signaling pathway Consistent with these results, artemisinin concentration-dependently promoted the survival of SH-SY5Y cell against toxicity of amyloid-beta protein 1-42 induced ROS accumulation, caspase activation and apoptosis. Artemisinin improved neuronal survival and cognitive function reactive oxygen species (ROS), cause oxidative stress, damage mitochondrial, and activate apoptosis-related proteins and factors which lead to the neuronal death [10, 11]. Artemisinin (ART) is extracted from the plant Artemisia annua It is a very effective anti-malarial drug which is used for the treatment of malaria in clinics for decades and saved millions of malaria patients worldwide [20, 21]. The therapeutic effects of artemisinin on AD and the underlying mechanisms are still very elusive
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have