Artemisia scoparia enhances adipocyte development and endocrine function in vitro and enhances insulin action in vivo (LB771)

Abstract

Background: Failure of adipocytes to expand during periods of energy excess can result in undesirable metabolic consequences. Blinded screening studies have indicated that Artemisia scoparia (SCO) extracts can enhance adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in cultured adipocytes. The present study tested the hypothesis that SCO treatment modulates fat cell development and function in vitro and insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue in vivo.Methods: In vitro experiments utilized a Gal4‐PPAR[[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]] ligand binding domain (LBD) fusion protein‐luciferase reporter assay to examine PPAR[[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]] activation. Neutral lipid accumulation, gene expression, and protein secretion were measured by Oil Red O staining, qRT‐PCR, and immunoblotting, respectively. For the in vivo experiments, diet‐induced obese (DIO) C57BL/6J mice were fed a high‐fat diet (HFD) or HFD containing 1% w/w SCO for four weeks. Body weight and composition, food intake, and fasting glucose and insulin levels were measured. Phospho‐activation and expression of insulin‐sensitizing proteins in epididymal adipose tissue (eWAT) were measured by immunoblotting.Results: Ethanolic extracts of A. scoparia significantly activated the PPAR[[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]] LBD and enhanced lipid accumulation in differentiating 3T3‐L1 cells. SCO increased the transcription of several PPAR[[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]] target genes in differentiating 3T3‐L1 cells and rescued the negative effects of tumor necrosis factor [[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]] on production and secretion of adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in fully differentiated fat cells. DIO mice treated with SCO had elevated adiponectin levels and increased phosphorylation of AMPK[[Unsupported Character ‐ Symbol Font □]] in eWAT when compared to control mice. In SCO‐treated mice, these changes were also associated with decreased fasting insulin and glucose levels.Conclusion: SCO has metabolically beneficial effects on adipocytes in vitro and adipose tissue in vivo, highlighting its potential as a metabolically favorable botanical supplement.Grant Funding Source: Supported by NIH 2P30DK072476