Artemisia integrifolia, A. capillaris Components, and Sesquiterpene Lactones

Abstract

Artemisia integrifolia is a medicinal and edible plant. To investigate its antihyperlipidaemic effect, a crude lipophilic extract and the composing compounds were isolated and fractioned from the petroleum ether extract of A. integrifolia aerial parts via column chromatography on SiO2 gel. The anti-hyperlipidaemia effect was studied in a rat model of acute hyperlipidaemia, which was induced by triton WR-1339. A new compound, integrinol, and nine known compounds [chamazulene, acetylenes (E)-2 and -3, eugenol, and palmitic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and 12,13-epoxylinolenic acids] were isolated from A. integrifolia crude lipophilic extract. Among sesquiterpene lactones (STLs), the ditriazolyl cumanin derivative results more active and selective than cumanin in the tested breast, cervix, lung, and colon tumor cell lines. The compound is the least toxic vs. splenocytes (concentration causing 50% cell death of 524.1 μM) and exhibited the greatest selectivity on tumor cell lines. The compound showed a 50% growth inhibition of 2.3 μM and a selectivity index (SI) of 227.9 on WiDr human colon tumor cell line. The compound can be considered for further studies and is a candidate for the development of antitumor agents.