Abstract

More than half (51%) of the world's population of people living with HIV-1 are women.1 Each year, the incidence of new HIV-1 infections in women of reproductive age is high, with 5·2 million women of reproductive age newly diagnosed between 2010 and 2015,2 and 1·3 million pregnant women receiving HIV-1 treatment in 2018.3 Perinatal transmission of HIV-1 has fallen most substantially through increased access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in pregnancy and during breastfeeding. UNAIDS has reported that new HIV-1 infections among children have halved from 310 000 in 2010 to 150 000 in 2019 through active management of pregnant women living with HIV-1.

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