Abstract
There has been a rapid decline in HIV-related mortality and morbidity due to the wider availability of affordable, more efficacious and less toxic ARVs over the last two decades. ART consists of the use of a combination of at least three ARV drugs from different classes to inhibit the replication of HIV and reduce viraemia to undetectable levels. Continued suppression of viral replication leads to the restoration of immune response, reflected by an increase in the CD4 count. Increase in CD4 count leads to slowing of the disease progression, reduced frequency of OIs, improvement in the quality of life and increased longevity. Successes achieved by ART have now transformed the perception about HIV infection from being a ‘virtual death sentence’ to a ‘chronic manageable illness’. ART was earlier known as Highly Active ART (HAART) and as combination ART (cART).
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